Due to the limitations of current astronomical instrumentation and data reduction techniques, the ultra-low surface brightness (ULSB) universe – which lies over two orders of magnitude below that of the sky background – is one of the last niches that remain to be explored in observational parameter space. So far, the first pioneering observations using small telescopes and telephoto lens have revealed a wealth of stellar tidal streams and shells, diffuse stellar systems, and a possibly hitherto unknown type of galaxies (ultra-diffuse galaxies) whose properties may be different from those at brighter levels. In this talk, I will present the latest results of our deep exploration of the nearby universe and the prospects for further progress using both ground- and space-based observations.